This handout photograph taken and released by the Ukrainian Presidential Press Service on August 23, 2024, shows Ukraine's President
Volodymyr Zelensky (R) and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi posing at the entrance of the Mariinskyi Palace
ahead of their meeting, in Kyiv, amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
(Photo by Handout / UKRAINIAN PRESIDENTIAL PRESS SERVICE / AFP)

OPINION: Modi’s Visit to Ukraine Opens Opportunities for India as Mediator

The evolving relationship between India and Ukraine offers India the potential of emerging as a mediator in the ongoing war. Yet despite the opportunities, geopolitical challenges.

By Simon Hutagalung August 28, 2024 KPost

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s recent visit to Ukraine in August 2024 marked a significant moment in India-Ukraine relations. The historic meeting between Modi and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy was not only a testament to strengthening bilateral ties, but also hinted at a broader diplomatic role India might play in the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War. India’s involvement could present a unique solution to the crisis, leveraging its neutral stance and diplomatic influence to facilitate peace negotiations.

The diplomatic relationship between India and Ukraine has been evolving since Ukraine’s independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. Initially, ties between the two countries were largely driven by economic considerations, with Ukraine becoming a key partner for India in sectors such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and defense. Ukraine’s robust defense industry has attracted Indian interest, especially in the areas of aircraft, missiles, and military equipment. However, despite these economic ties, political engagement between India and Ukraine remained relatively low-key until recently.

Prime Minister Modi’s visit marks a turning point in India-Ukraine relations. The visit highlights a renewed focus on deepening bilateral ties through expanded cooperation in trade, technology, and education. One significant area of collaboration is defense, with India looking to enhance its defense capabilities by leveraging Ukraine’s expertise in defense production. This partnership aligns with India’s broader strategy to diversify its defense imports and reduce its dependence on traditional suppliers like Russia. Additionally, India’s interest in Ukraine’s strategic position in Eastern Europe reflects its aim to increase its influence in the region and strengthen its global presence.

Ukraine’s robust defense industry has attracted Indian interest, especially in the areas of aircraft, missiles, and military equipment.

While Modi’s visit underscores the growing importance of India-Ukraine relations, it also raises questions about India’s role in the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War. India has historically adhered to a policy of non-alignment, refusing to take sides in conflicts between major powers. This stance has allowed India to maintain friendly relations with both Russia and Ukraine, even as tensions between the two countries escalated into full-scale war in 2022. India’s neutral position has been reflected in its diplomatic statements, with calls for peace, dialogue, and respect for territorial integrity. However, as the war drags on and global pressure mounts, India faces increasing expectations to play a more active role.

India’s potential as a mediator in the Russo-Ukrainian War stems from its unique position in global politics. Unlike Western powers that have taken a clear stance against Russia’s actions in Ukraine, India has maintained a more balanced approach. This diplomatic neutrality, combined with India’s strong ties to both Russia and Ukraine, makes it a credible candidate for mediation. Moreover, India’s reputation as a peace-loving nation and its historical involvement in international peacekeeping efforts lend further weight to its role as a potential mediator.

However, the challenges of mediation in the Russo-Ukrainian War cannot be overlooked. India’s relationship with Russia is a key factor that complicates its role as a neutral mediator. Russia has been one of India’s most important allies since the Cold War, and the two countries share strong defense and energy ties. India relies heavily on Russian military equipment, and any perceived shift in India’s stance could jeopardize this crucial partnership. Additionally, India’s growing economic ties with Western countries, particularly the United States and the European Union, add another layer of complexity. As Western powers continue to impose sanctions on Russia, India must carefully navigate its diplomatic relations to avoid alienating any of its major partners.

Despite these challenges, India has a unique opportunity to enhance its global standing by contributing to a peace process. If India can successfully mediate between Russia and Ukraine, it would not only bolster its reputation as a responsible global power but also strengthen its influence in international affairs. This would align with India’s broader goal of becoming a leading voice in global governance, particularly in multilateral organizations such as the United Nations and G20. India’s active involvement in the peace process could also enhance its strategic interests in Europe and strengthen its partnerships with both Eastern and Western powers.

Donbas-A town and two villages in the heart of Ukraine’s coal-mining region have likely fallen to
Russian forces. Zelensky said reinforcements are being sent to help.

India’s potential role as a mediator can be informed by its past experiences in international conflict resolution. India has a long history of supporting peacekeeping efforts and has contributed to United Nations missions in conflict zones around the world. Moreover, India’s non-alignment policy has often positioned it as a neutral party capable of facilitating dialogue between opposing sides. For example, India played a key role in mediating the Sri Lankan civil war and supporting peace initiatives in Afghanistan. These experiences provide valuable lessons that could be applied to the current situation in Ukraine.

However, it is important to recognize that the complexities and scale of the Russo-Ukrainian War differ significantly from other conflicts India has been involved in. The geopolitical stakes are much higher, and the involvement of major global powers such as the United States, European Union, and China adds layers of complexity. Any attempt at mediation will require India to carefully balance its relations with all parties involved while remaining committed to the principles of peaceful resolution and respect for international law.

Prime Minister Modi’s visit to Ukraine represents a significant step forward in India-Ukraine relations and signals India’s growing interest in playing a more active role on the global stage. The possibility of India emerging as a mediator in the Russo-Ukrainian War is both an opportunity and a challenge. While India’s neutral stance, diplomatic credibility, and historical ties with both Russia and Ukraine make it a suitable candidate for mediation, the complexities of the conflict and the need to balance strategic interests present significant hurdles. Ultimately, India’s ability to contribute to peace in the region will depend on its diplomatic agility, strategic foresight, and commitment to upholding the principles of non-alignment and peaceful resolution of conflicts. If successful, India’s involvement in resolving the Russo-Ukrainian War could enhance its global standing and solidify its role as a key player in international diplomacy⍐.

The views expressed in this opinion article are the author’s and not necessarily those of Kyiv Post or ENB

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Simon Hutagalung

Simon Hutagalung is a retired diplomat from the Indonesian Foreign Ministry who received his master's degree in political science and comparative politics from the City University of New York.