Marx/Engels Collected Works

 

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This is the listing of the Marx/Engels Collected Works (MECW), as compiled and printed by Progress Publishers of the Soviet Union in collaboration with Lawrence & Wishart (London) and International Publishers (New York), starting in 1975 and completed in 2005. Students and scholars should be aware that we have only transcribed most of the first 10 volumes, up to 1851 plus occasional pieces from elsewhere of the Marx Engels Collected Works and that there are 50 volumes in all. This compilation is the most complete publication of the works of Marx/Engels in English ever undertaken, and it was a massive publishing effort to gather and translate these resources into English. The MECW has by far the best translations in any language, better than the Russian and at the moment more complete that the German originals or those in any other language including the Russian. Our MECW version however contains typographical errors and omissions caused by the transcription by different hands and machines while the many other pieces that we have, whether before or after 1851, are much less reliable and the texts are sometimes unclear. The volume of manuscripts from Marx and Engels continues to grow, beyond the selection available in the MECW, and readers interested in following the progress of this work can visit The Institute of Social History in Amsterdam.

The majority of works published by the MIA are not the same translation used by Progress Publishers.

Any students or researchers who are consulting Marx/Engels should certainly use the MECW published by Lawrence and Wishart, or International Publishers and get their College Libraries to order it. Email Service department for enquiries. Details of prices from these firms. There is an American firm - Intelex which has digitised the MECW and, again, people may want their colleges or libraries to order that. The Intelex version is particularly useful for scholars trying to find quotes for references but is not designed for general perusal or reading. The text is stored as a database as opposed to HTML or PDF and runs only over a college network of licensed computers and not the internet. You can buy a CD of the MECW from Intelex for US$1,000.

General Introduction		Publ.
Volume 1	(M) August 1835-March 1843.	1975
Volume 2	(E) August 1838-December 1842.	1975
Volume 3	(M) March 1843-Aug 1844. (E) May 1843-June 1844.	1975
Volume 4	(M/E) 1844-45, incl. Holy Family & Condition of Working Class	1975
Volume 5	(M/E) April 1845-April 1847, including German Ideology.	1975
Volume 6	(M/E) 1845-48, including Poverty of Philosophy and Manifesto	1976
Volume 7	(M/E) 1848, articles for Neue Rheinische Zeitung.	1977
Volume 8	(M/E) 1848-49, articles from Neue Rheinische Zeitung.	1977
Volume 9	(M/E) 1849, articles from Neue Rheinische Zeitung.	1977
Volume 10	(M/E) 1849-51, including Peasant War in Germany	1978
Volume 11	(M/E) 1851-53, including Eighteenth Brumaire	1979
Volume 12	(M/E) 1853-54, mainly on British Colonialism.	1979
Volume 13	(M/E) 1854-55, re Revolutionary Spain and Crimean War.	1980
Volume 14	(M/E) 1855-56, incl. material on British politics and Crimean War.	1980
Volume 15	(M/E) 1856-58, mainly Europe and India.	1986
Volume 16	(M/E) 1858-60, mainly events in Europe	1980
Volume 17	(M/E) 1859-60, including Herr Vogt and military matters.	1981
Volume 18	(M/E) 1857-62, Articles for Encyclopaedia.	1987
Volume 19	(M/E) 1861-64, including material on American Civil War	1984
Volume 20	(M/E) 1864-68, including Value, Prices and Profit.	1985
Volume 21	(M/E) 1867-70, re International Workingmen's Association.	1985
Volume 22	(M/E) 1870-71, re Fanco-Prussian War.	1986
Volume 23	(M/E) 1871-74, re International, Bakunin, Housing Question.	1988
Volume 24	(M/E) 1874-83, Crit. / Gotha Prog. & Utopian & Scientific	1989
Volume 25	(E) Anti-Dühring, Dialectics of Nature	1987
Volume 26	(E) 1882-89, including Origin of the Family, etc	1990
Volume 27	(E) 1890-95, re Europe.	1990
Volume 28	(M) Economic Works, 1857-1861	1986
Volume 29	(M) Economic Works, 1857-1861	1987
Volume 30	(M) Economic Works, 1861-1863	1988
Volume 31	(M) 1861-63, Economic Manuscripts	1989
Volume 32	(M) 1861-63, Economic Manuscripts	1989
Volume 33	(M) 1861-63, Economic Manuscripts	1991
Volume 34	(M) Economic Works, 1861-1864	1994
Volume 35	(M) Capital, Volume I	1996
Volume 36	(M) Capital, Volume II	1997
Volume 37	(M) Capital, Volume III	1998
Volume 38	(M/E) 1844-51, Letters	1982
Volume 39	(M/E) 1852-55, Letters	1983
Volume 40	(M/E) 1856-59, Letters	1983
Volume 41	(M/E) 1860-64, Letters	1985
Volume 42	(M/E) 1864-68, Letters	1987
Volume 43	(M/E) 1868-70, Letters	1988
Volume 44	(M/E) 1870-73, Letters	1989
Volume 45	(M/E) 1874-79, Letters	1991
Volume 46	(M/E) 1880-83, Letters	1992
Volume 47	(E) 1883-86, Letters	1995
Volume 48	(E) 1887-90, Letters	2001
Volume 49	(E) 1890-92, Letters	2001
Volume 50	(E) 1892-95, Letters	2004

 

The MECW is not the complete works. The following material is available on MIA which is not included in the MECW:

Marx's Mathematical Manuscripts, 1881
Fragments on Literature and Art as well as some of the material in the
Biographical section and in the
International Workingmen's Association Section.

 

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India banks dabble in Wall Street-lite job culls

India banks dabble in Wall Street-lite job culls

By Shritama Bose                               Considered View

August 4, 2026

FILE PHOTO: Traffic moves past the ICICI bank head office in Mumbai, India, April 21, 2023. REUTERS/Francis Mascarenhas/File Photo

India banks dabble in Wall Street-lite job culls

By Shritama Bose

Considered View

August 4, 2026

MUMBAI, Aug 4 (Reuters Breakingviews) - India's banks may need to take some lessons in layoffs from Wall Street. Staffing levels at HDFC Bank (HDBK.NS), opens new tab, ICICI, Axis (AXBK.NS), opens new tab and Kotak Mahindra (KTKM.NS), opens new tab fell by up to ​4% during the 12 months to the end of March after years of increases. It's largely the result of ‌businesses maturing, revenue growth slowing and more tasks getting automated. Goldman Sachs (GS.N), opens new tab, Morgan Stanley (MS.N), opens new tab and others routinely dump more. But India generally frowns on making people redundant. AI is likely to force its financial services firms – and others – to look past the taboo and embrace deeper cuts.

Western lenders and investment banks tend to ​slash their ranks when a downturn hits. But some, like Goldman, also oust those performing poorly – as much as 5% ​of employees – each year. By that metric, their Indian peers are only dabbling. Moreover, natural attrition seems to ⁠account for most, if not all, of the reductions.

That does the job for now as the businesses weaken somewhat. Total revenue at $41 ​billion Axis for the financial year to the end of March grew at nearly a quarter of its pace the previous year, while ​Kotak's fell slightly. Yet the compensation ratio for both, and for $122 billion HDFC, stayed flat, suggesting the softly-softly downsizing is working, Breakingviews calculates, using data disclosed by the lenders. Increased outsourcing of tasks like loan collection and IT management weighs on headcount too.

The rise of automation, though, whether due to AI or less ​advanced technology, is likely to increase pressure to reduce staff numbers. A substantial share of new business, for example, now comes from attracting ​new retail customers digitally, reducing the need to keep expanding and staffing branches. And AI capabilities are making humans increasingly redundant at routine functions like ‌fraud monitoring ⁠and data analysis.

At Axis Bank, where staff numbers fell 3%, CEO Amitabh Chaudhry has set targets, opens new tab that include using AI to automate and augment half of its customer calls in the current financial year. HDFC, which reported a 2% workforce reduction, is applying, opens new tab AI to retail credit decisions and trade transactions.

As banks commit to adopting AI across a growing chunk of their operations, more job functions will have to go, though they ​are likely to find more ​productive jobs for some. The impact ⁠will eventually show up at government-owned lenders like State Bank of India (SBI.NS), opens new tab and intensify a slow-burn shrinkage underway there for years.

Their executives are likely to rely on natural attrition, retirements and reduced hiring for ​as long as possible. But the bigger the impact of AI and the more their businesses mature, ​the greater the ⁠chance that they will have to follow Wall Street's lead by breaking with convention to give more people the boot.

Follow Shritama Bose on LinkedIn, opens new tab and X, opens new tab.

Context News

HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank and Kotak Mahindra Bank reported an up to 4% year-on-year fall in their employee counts as of March 31.

In ⁠its annual ​report for the 12 months ended March, released on July 11, HDFC said the ​number of permanent employees on its rolls stood at 211,178, 2% lower than the level as on March 31, 2025. ICICI's filings show a 4% fall in the metric ​to 124,029, while Axis and Kotak reported declines of 3% and 1% respectively.

Editing by Antony Currie; Production by Aditya Srivastav and Ujjaini Dutta