லிபிய மக்களின் விடுதலைக்கான புரட்சிப்பாதை.

லிபியமக்களே, ஒமர்முக்தாவின்

வீரப்புதல்வர்களே,

அமெரிக்க ஐரோப்பிய ஏகாதிபத்தியவாதிகள் உலகமறுபங்கீட்டிற்கும், எண்ணெய்வளத் திருட்டுக்கும், சாவு ஆயுத வியாபாரத்துக்கும் லிபிய மக்களுக்கு எதிராகத் தொடுத்துள்ள ஆக்கிரமிப்பு யுத்தம் அநீதியானதாகும்!

தேசிய சுதந்திரத்தைக் காக்கவும், தேசிய வளங்களைப் பாதுகாக்கவும், ஜனநாயகத்துக்காகவும் விடுதலைக்காகவும் லிபியமக்கள் நடத்தும் தற்காப்பு யுத்தம் நீதியானதாகும்!

ஆக்கிரமிப்பு யுத்தத்தில் பங்கேற்றுள்ள நாடுகளின் உழைக்கும் மக்கள் அதன் ஆளும் வர்க்கங்களை எதிர்த்து போர்க்கொடி உயர்த்துவர்!

மத்திய கிழக்கு, வட ஆபிரிக்க தேசிய ஜனநாயக இயக்கங்கள் லிபிய விடுதலையை ஆதரிப்பர்!

உலகத் தொழிலாளர்களும் ஒடுக்கப்பட்ட தேசங்களும்,ஏகாதிபத்திய அநீதி யுத்தத்தை எதிர்த்து, லிபிய மக்களின் நீதியான யுத்தத்தின் பக்கம் என்றும் நிற்பர்.

ஏகாதிபத்திய தாச விதேசிய அரபு ஆபிரிக்க ஆளும் கும்பல்கள் அம்பலப்பட்டு தனிமைப்படுவர்!

அநீதி யுத்தமுகாம் பிளவுபட்டு பலமிழக்கும்! நீதி யுத்த முகாம் ஒன்றுபட்டு பலம் பெருக்கும்!

ஏகாதிபத்திய இராணுவப் படை நேற்றோ ஒழிக!

ஏகாதிபத்திய அரசியல் படை ஐ.நா.ஒழிக!

ஏகாதிபத்தியம் ஒழிக!!

இறுதி வெற்றி லிபிய மக்களுக்கே!
 
உலகத் தொழிலாளர்களுக்கும் ஒடுக்கப்பட்ட தேசங்களுக்குமே.

மேலும்: http://senthanal.blogspot.com/2011/03/blog-post.html

லிபிய மக்களே அந்நிய ஆக்கிரமிப்பைத் தோற்கடிக்க ஒன்றுபடுங்கள்!

ஏகாதிபத்தியவாதிகளின் உலக மறுபங்கீட்டு லிபிய ஆக்கிரமிப்பு யுத்தம் ஆரம்பம்.

 

Odyssey Dawn

லிபியாவில் பொத்துக்கொண்டு வருகிற ‘ கோபம்’, முள்ளிவாய்க்காலில் ஒத்துப்போனது ஏன்?

லிபியாவைச் சூழும் அந்நிய ஆக்கிரமிப்புப் போர் மேகம்

லிபிய நாட்டின் மீதான அந்நிய ஏகாதிபத்திய ஆக்கிரமிப்புப் பிரகடனம்,

கடாபியிடம் இருந்து லிபியமக்களை விடுவிக்கவல்ல,

காலனியாதிக்க உலக மறுபங்கீட்டிற்கே!

UN security council resolution 1973 (2011) on Libya – full text

UN security council resolution 1973 (2011) on Libya – full text

The Security Council,

Recalling its resolution 1970 (2011) of 26 February 2011,
Deploring the failure of the Libyan authorities to comply with resolution 1970 (2011),

Expressing grave concern at the deteriorating situation, the escalation of violence, and the heavy civilian casualties,

Reiterating the responsibility of the Libyan authorities to protect the Libyan population and reaffirming that parties to armed conflicts bear the primary responsibility to take all feasible steps to ensure the protection of civilians,

Condemning the gross and systematic violation of human rights, including arbitrary detentions, enforced disappearances, torture and summary executions,

Further condemning acts of violence and intimidation committed by the Libyan authorities against journalists, media professionals and associated personnel and urging these authorities to comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law as outlined in resolution 1738 (2006),

Considering that the widespread and systematic attacks currently taking place in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya against the civilian population may amount to crimes against humanity,

Recalling paragraph 26 of resolution 1970 (2011) in which the Council expressed its readiness to consider taking additional appropriate measures, as necessary, to facilitate and support the return of humanitarian agencies and make available humanitarian and related assistance in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya,

Expressing its determination to ensure the protection of civilians and civilian populated areas and the rapid and unimpeded passage of humanitarian assistance and the safety of humanitarian personnel,

Recalling the condemnation by the League of Arab States, the African Union, and the Secretary General of the Organization of the Islamic Conference of the serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law that have been and are being committed in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya,

Taking note of the final communiqué of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference of 8 March 2011, and the communiqué of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union of 10 March 2011 which established an ad hoc High Level Committee on Libya,

Taking note also of the decision of the Council of the League of Arab States of 12 March 2011 to call for the imposition of a no-fly zone on Libyan military aviation, and to establish safe areas in places exposed to shelling as a precautionary measure that allows the protection of the Libyan people and foreign nationals residing in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya,

Taking note further of the Secretary-General's call on 16 March 2011 for an immediate cease-fire,

Recalling its decision to refer the situation in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya since 15 February 2011 to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, and stressing that those responsible for or complicit in attacks targeting the civilian population, including aerial and naval attacks, must be held to account,

Reiterating its concern at the plight of refugees and foreign workers forced to flee the violence in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, welcoming the response of neighbouring States, in particular Tunisia and Egypt, to address the needs of those refugees and foreign workers, and calling on the international community to support those efforts,

Deploring the continuing use of mercenaries by the Libyan authorities,

Considering that the establishment of a ban on all flights in the airspace of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya constitutes an important element for the protection of civilians as well as the safety of the delivery of humanitarian assistance and a decisive step for the cessation of hostilities in Libya,

Expressing concern also for the safety of foreign nationals and their rights in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya,

Welcoming the appointment by the Secretary General of his Special Envoy to Libya, Mr Abdel-Elah Mohamed Al-Khatib and supporting his efforts to find a sustainable and peaceful solution to the crisis in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya,

Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and national unity of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya,

Determining that the situation in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security,

Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

1. Demands the immediate establishment of a cease-fire and a complete end to violence and all attacks against, and abuses of, civilians;

2. Stresses the need to intensify efforts to find a solution to the crisis which responds to the legitimate demands of the Libyan people and notes the decisions of the Secretary-General to send his Special Envoy to Libya and of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union to send its ad hoc High Level Committee to Libya with the aim of facilitating dialogue to lead to the political reforms necessary to find a peaceful and sustainable solution;

3. Demands that the Libyan authorities comply with their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law, human rights and refugee law and take all measures to protect civilians and meet their basic needs, and to ensure the rapid and unimpeded passage of humanitarian assistance;

Protection of civilians

4. Authorizes Member States that have notified the Secretary-General, acting nationally or through regional organizations or arrangements, and acting in cooperation with the Secretary-General, to take all necessary measures, notwithstanding paragraph 9 of resolution 1970 (2011), to protect civilians and civilian populated areas under threat of attack in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, including Benghazi, while excluding a foreign occupation force of any form on any part of Libyan territory, and requests the Member States concerned to inform the Secretary-General immediately of the measures they take pursuant to the authorization conferred by this paragraph which shall be immediately reported to the Security Council;

5. Recognizes the important role of the League of Arab States in matters relating to the maintenance of international peace and security in the region, and bearing in mind Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations, requests the Member States of the League of Arab States to cooperate with other Member States in the implementation of paragraph 4;No fly zone

6. Decides to establish a ban on all flights in the airspace of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in order to help protect civilians;

7. Decides further that the ban imposed by paragraph 6 shall not apply to flights whose sole purpose is humanitarian, such as delivering or facilitating the delivery of assistance, including medical supplies, food, humanitarian workers and related assistance, or evacuating foreign nationals from the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, nor shall it apply to flights authorised by paragraphs 4 or 8, nor other flights which are deemed necessary by States acting under the authorisation conferred in paragraph 8 to be for the benefit of the Libyan people, and that these flights shall be coordinated with any mechanism established under paragraph 8;

8. Authorizes Member States that have notified the Secretary-General and the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States, acting nationally or through regional organizations or arrangements, to take all necessary measures to enforce compliance with the ban on flights imposed by paragraph 6 above, as necessary, and requests the States concerned in cooperation with the League of Arab States to coordinate closely with the Secretary General on the measures they are taking to implement this ban, including by establishing an appropriate mechanism for implementing the provisions of paragraphs 6 and 7 above,

9. Calls upon all Member States, acting nationally or through regional organizations or arrangements, to provide assistance, including any necessary over-flight approvals, for the purposes of implementing paragraphs 4, 6, 7 and 8 above;

10. Requests the Member States concerned to coordinate closely with each other and the Secretary-General on the measures they are taking to implement paragraphs 4, 6, 7 and 8 above, including practical measures for the monitoring and approval of authorised humanitarian or evacuation flights;

11. Decides that the Member States concerned shall inform the Secretary-General and the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States immediately of measures taken in exercise of the authority conferred by paragraph 8 above, including to supply a concept of operations;

12. Requests the Secretary-General to inform the Council immediately of any actions taken by the Member States concerned in exercise of the authority conferred by paragraph 8 above and to report to the Council within 7 days and every month thereafter on the implementation of this resolution, including information on any violations of the flight ban imposed by paragraph 6 above;

Enforcement of the arms embargo

13. Decides that paragraph 11 of resolution 1970 (2011) shall be replaced by the following paragraph : "Calls upon all Member States, in particular States of the region, acting nationally or through regional organisations or arrangements, in order to ensure strict implementation of the arms embargo established by paragraphs 9 and 10 of resolution 1970 (2011), to inspect in their territory, including seaports and airports, and on the high seas, vessels and aircraft bound to or from the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, if the State concerned has information that provides reasonable grounds to believe that the cargo contains items the supply, sale, transfer or export of which is prohibited by paragraphs 9 or 10 of resolution 1970 (2011) as modified by this resolution, including the provision of armed mercenary personnel, calls upon all flag States of such vessels and aircraft to cooperate with such inspections and authorises Member States to use all measures commensurate to the specific circumstances to carry out such inspections";

14. Requests Member States which are taking action under paragraph 13 above on the high seas to coordinate closely with each other and the Secretary-General and further requests the States concerned to inform the Secretary-General and the Committee established pursuant to paragraph 24 of resolution 1970 (2011) ("the Committee") immediately of measures taken in the exercise of the authority conferred by paragraph 13 above;

15. Requires any Member State whether acting nationally or through regional organisations or arrangements, when it undertakes an inspection pursuant to paragraph 13 above, to submit promptly an initial written report to the Committee containing, in particular, explanation of the grounds for the inspection, the results of such inspection, and whether or not cooperation was provided, and, if prohibited items for transfer are found, further requires such Member States to submit to the Committee, at a later stage, a subsequent written report containing relevant details on the inspection, seizure, and disposal, and relevant details of the transfer, including a description of the items, their origin and intended destination, if this information is not in the initial report;

16. Deplores the continuing flows of mercenaries into the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and calls upon all Member States to comply strictly with their obligations under paragraph 9 of resolution 1970 (2011) to prevent the provision of armed mercenary personnel to the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya;

Ban on flights

17. Decides that all States shall deny permission to any aircraft registered in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya or owned or operated by Libyan nationals or companies to take off from, land in or overfly their territory unless the particular flight has been approved in advance by the Committee, or in the case of an emergency landing;

18. Decides that all States shall deny permission to any aircraft to take off from, land in or overfly their territory, if they have information that provides reasonable grounds to believe that the aircraft contains items the supply, sale, transfer, or export of which is prohibited by paragraphs 9 and 10 of resolution 1970 (2011) as modified by this resolution, including the provision of armed mercenary personnel, except in the case of an emergency landing;

Asset freeze

19. Decides that the asset freeze imposed by paragraph 17, 19, 20 and 21 of resolution 1970 (2011) shall apply to all funds, other financial assets and economic resources which are on their territories, which are owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the Libyan authorities, as designated by the Committee, or by individuals or entities acting on their behalf or at their direction, or by entities owned or controlled by them, as designated by the Committee, and decides further that all States shall ensure that any funds, financial assets or economic resources are prevented from being made available by their nationals or by any individuals or entities within their territories, to or for the benefit of the Libyan authorities, as designated by the Committee, or individuals or entities acting on their behalf or at their direction, or entities owned or controlled by them, as designated by the Committee, and directs the Committee to designate such Libyan authorities, individuals or entities within 30 days of the date of the adoption of this resolution and as appropriate thereafter;

20. Affirms its determination to ensure that assets frozen pursuant to paragraph 17 of resolution 1970 (2011) shall, at a later stage, as soon as possible be made available to and for the benefit of the people of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya;

21. Decides that all States shall require their nationals, persons subject to their jurisdiction and firms incorporated in their territory or subject to their jurisdiction to exercise vigilance when doing business with entities incorporated in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya or subject to its jurisdiction, and any individuals or entities acting on their behalf or at their direction, and entities owned or controlled by them, if the States have information that provides reasonable grounds to believe that such business could contribute to violence and use of force against civilians;

Designations

22. Decides that the individuals listed in Annex I shall be subject to the travel restrictions imposed in paragraphs 15 and 16 of resolution 1970 (2011), and decides further that the individuals and entities listed in Annex II shall be subject to the asset freeze imposed in paragraphs 17, 19, 20 and 21 of resolution 1970 (2011);

23. Decides that the measures specified in paragraphs 15, 16, 17, 19, 20 and 21 of resolution 1970 (2011) shall apply also to individuals and entities determined by the Council or the Committee to have violated the provisions of resolution 1970 (2011), particularly paragraphs 9 and 10 thereof, or to have assisted others in doing so;

Panel of experts

24. Requests the Secretary-General to create for an initial period of one year, in consultation with the Committee, a group of up to eight experts ("Panel of Experts"), under the direction of the Committee to carry out the following tasks:

(a) Assist the Committee in carrying out its mandate as specified in paragraph 24 of resolution 1970 (2011) and this resolution;

(b) Gather, examine and analyse information from States, relevant United Nations bodies, regional organisations and other interested parties regarding the implementation of the measures decided in resolution 1970 (2011) and this resolution, in particular incidents of non-compliance;

(c) Make recommendations on actions the Council, or the Committee or State, may consider to improve implementation of the relevant measures;

(d) Provide to the Council an interim report on its work no later than 90 days after the Panel's appointment, and a final report to the Council no later than 30 days prior to the termination of its mandate with its findings and recommendations;

25. Urges all States, relevant United Nations bodies and other interested parties, to cooperate fully with the Committee and the Panel of Experts, in particular by supplying any information at their disposal on the implementation of the measures decided in resolution 1970 (2011) and this resolution, in particular incidents of non-compliance;

26. Decides that the mandate of the Committee as set out in paragraph 24 of resolution 1970 (2011) shall also apply to the measures decided in this resolution;

27. Decides that all States, including the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, shall take the necessary measures to ensure that no claim shall lie at the instance of the Libyan authorities, or of any person or body in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, or of any person claiming through or for the benefit of any such person or body, in connection with any contract or other transaction where its performance was affected by reason of the measures taken by the Security Council in resolution 1970 (2011), this resolution and related resolutions;

28. Reaffirms its intention to keep the actions of the Libyan authorities under continuous review and underlines its readiness to review at any time the measures imposed by this resolution and resolution 1970 (2011), including by strengthening, suspending or lifting those measures, as appropriate, based on compliance by the Libyan authorities with this resolution and resolution 1970 (2011).

29. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.
======================================
Source: guardian.co.uk, Thursday 17 March 2011 23.34 GMT

லிபியாவை மறுபங்கீடு செய்யும் அநீதியான யுத்தத்தின் ஆரம்பமாக ஏகாதிபத்திய ஐ.நா.ஆகாயப்போர் அறிவிப்பு.

லிபியாவை மறுபங்கீடு செய்யும் அநீதியான யுத்தத்தின் ஆரம்பமாக ஏகாதிபத்திய ஐ.நா.ஆகாயப்போர் அறிவிப்பு.

ஐ.நா.ஆக்கிரமிப்பு பிரகடனம் 1973

* "France is very much involved in this action and has prepared the draft resolution. We have one goal… we want to stop the attacks by the Gaddafi regime against civilian populations.

* Ten of the council's 15 members voted in favour of the resolution, while Russia, China, Germany, India and Brazil abstained.

The UN resolution 1973

UN authorises no-fly zone over Libya

Security Council imposes a no-fly zone over Libya and authorises "all necessary measures" to protect civilians.
Last Modified: 17 Mar 2011 22:40
Members of the UNSC voted to act militarily to protect Libyan citizens who are rebelling against Gaddafi [Reuters]

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has voted on a resolution authorising a no-fly zone over Libya and "all necessary measures" - code for military action - to protect civilians.

Ten of the council's 15 members voted in favour of the resolution, while Russia, China, Germany, India and Brazil abstained.

No votes were recorded against the resolution, which was co-sponsored by France, Britain, Lebanon and the United States.

In Benghazi, the main rebel stronghold, a large crowd watching the vote on an outdoor TV projection burst into celebration as green and red fireworks filled the air, as broadcast live on the Al-Jazeera satellite TV channel.

The resolution fulfills a long-standing demand from pro-democracy opposition forces in Libya asking for a no-fly zone to be established in order to prevent Muammar Gaddafi, the Libyan leader, from using fighter jets to bombard their positions, as they have been doing.

It comes just a few hours after Gaddafi warned residents of Benghazi, an opposition stronghold, that his forces would show "no mercy" in an impending assault on the city.

"The matter has been decided ... we are coming," he said in a radio address on Thursday.

The Libyan leader called pro-democracy fighters in Benghazi "armed gangsters" and urged residents to attack them, saying: "You all go out and cleanse the city of Benghazi.

"We will track them down, and search for them, alley by alley, road by road ... Massive waves of people will be crawling out to rescue the people of Benghazi, who are calling out for help, asking us to rescue them. We should come to their rescue."

'No mandate'

In an interview broadcast just before the security council voted on the resolution, Gaddafi dismissed its actions.

"The UN Security Council has no mandate. We don't acknowledge their resolutions," he told the Portuguese public Radiotelevisao Portuguesa.

He pledged to respond harshly to UN-sponsored attacks. "If the world is crazy, we will be crazy too," he said.

Speaking to Al Jazeera, Alain Juppe, the French foreign minister, said there was not much time left for the international community to act.

"France is very much involved in this action and has prepared the draft resolution. We have one goal… we want to stop the attacks by the Gaddafi regime against civilian populations.

"And it's a question of days or hours because the pressure against Benghazi, especially, is now very tough."

The Libyan defence ministry on Thursday, before the vote, warned that any military intervention in Libya would endanger air and sea traffic in the Mediterranean Sea.

In a statement released by the state-run Jana news agency, the ministry said that both civilian and military targets in the Mediterranean will be attacked.

புலம்பெயர் தமிழ் வணிகவர்க்கத் தலைமுறை, ‘நாடு கடந்த அரசாங்கம்’ அமைப்பதில் என்ன குறை!

British Tamil businesses continue networking effort

[TamilNet, Tuesday, 08 March 2011, 03:50 GMT]

The Tamil Chamber of Commerce in UK held another introductory dinner on March 2 in Northwest London, attended by scores of local Tamil entrepreneurs. The aim of the event in Ruislip, which was addressed by Deputy Mayor of London Richard Barnes, Mayor of Ealing Rajinder Mann and Mayor of Hounslow Colin Ellar, as well as local politicians and representatives from Britain’s main political parties, was to explain the TCC’s goals and potential for growing Tamil enterprise and to expand its membership, organisers said.

The TCC, a community organisation whose motto is ‘Unite and Excel’, was established in 2010 and serves as a forum for Tamil enterprises to network, develop business possibilities and collectively negotiate better rates from major service providers and suppliers.

The first in the TCC’s series of events was held mid January in East Ham.

Addressing the Ruislip event, London Deputy Mayor Barnes (Conservative) welcomed the TCC initiative, saying the small businesses are key to Britain’s economic recovery, echoing comments made four days later by British Prime Minister David Cameron.

He also promised to help the TCC establish relations with the London Business Network, a government initiative to help British businesses exploit opportunities arising from the investments being made for the London 2012 Olympic Games.

Praising the Tamil community’s contribution to Britain, he said he had attended the mass protests in Westminster in 2009.

Speaking a the ruling Conservative Party’s spring conference on Sunday, Prime Minister Cameron argued "there's only one strategy for growth we can have now and that is rolling up our sleeves and doing everything possible to make it easier for businesses to grow, to invest, to take people on.”

"Back small firms. Boost enterprise. Be on the side of everyone in this country who wants to create jobs, and wealth and opportunity," he urged.

There are five thousand Tamil-owned businesses in Britain, with a combined turnover of over £1 billion and 150,000 employees, the TCC says.

Hounslow Mayor Ellar expressed his admiration for the “determination and business skills of the Tamil community” and said he hoped to attend TCC gatherings in future years and watch its member strength multiply several times over.

A presentation of the TCC’s project was given to attendees in Tamil and English.

Noting that Tamils are now active in all sectors of the British economy, including hotels, care homes, travel agents, estate agents, wedding services, wholesalers, and construction firms, along with more traditional sectors such as accountancy, medince and law, the TCC said it aimed to provide a unified voice for Tamil enterprise in the UK, and eventually internationally.

The TCC said it would provide networking opportunities, as well as training and support programmes for young entrepreneurs in areas such as web development, marketing, advertising and communication skills.

The TCC eventually also planned to provide a platform for sustainable investment in Tamil economic revival in Sri Lanka, such as by forging links with organisations like the Jaffna Chamber of Commerce.
குறிப்பு: அழுத்தம் நமது

ஏகாதிபத்திய, ஏகபோக நிதிமூலதனம் விரும்பும் அரசுமுறை ஜனநாயகம் அல்ல பாசிசமே!

Larry Fink’s $12 Trillion Shadow

Though few Americans know his name, Larry Fink may be the most powerful man in the post-bailout economy. His giant BlackRock money-management firm controls or monitors more than $12 trillion worldwide—including the balance sheets of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the toxic A.I.G. and Bear Stearns assets taken over by the U.S. government last year. How did Fink rebound from a humiliating failure to become the financial fulcrum of Washington and Wall Street? Through a series of interviews, the author probes his role in the crisis, his unique risk-assessment system, and the growing concern he inspires.

By Suzanna Andrews•

Bloomberg

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Note:
Worth of world economy?

CIA world book suggests USD50 Trillion though figures vary.
சுருங்கச் சொன்னால் Black Rock  நிறுவனம் கையாளும் நிதிமூலதனம் ஒட்டுமொத்த உலகப் பொருளாதாரத்தின் கால்ப் பங்காகும் - 25%-!!
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* ஏகாதிபத்தியவாதிகள் காட்டுமிராண்டிகள்!

* ஜனநாயகத்துக்கு அவர்களிடம் மண்டியிடுபவர்கள் முட்டாள்கள்!!

* அவர்களை நோக்கி மக்களை தள்ளுபவர்கள் அயோக்கியர்கள்!!!

* ஏகாதிபத்தியத்தையும்,அதன் உள்ளூர் தரகர்களையும் எதிர்த்து ஜனநாயக அரசுமுறைக்காகப் போராடுபவர்கள் புரட்சியாளர்கள்;


* இவர்கள் எரிமலையையும், ஏகாதிபத்தியத்தையும்
ஒருசேரக் கண்டால் முதலில் ஏகாதிபத்தியத்தை எதிர்ப்பார்கள்;

இவர்களே பகுத்தறிவாளர்கள்.

நம்பிக்கையின் உயிர்மூச்சைக் கைவிடாதே ஜப்பானே!

あきらめてはいけない

நம்பிக்கையின் உயிர்மூச்சைக் கைவிடாதே ஜப்பானே!

Don't give up, Japan. Don't give up, Tohoku

================================

Second Explosion at Reactor as Technicians Try to Contain Damage

By HIROKO TABUCHI and MATTHEW L. WALD New York Times

Published: March 14, 2011

TOKYO — The risk of partial meltdown at a stricken nuclear power plant in Japan increased on Monday as cooling systems failed at a third reactor, possibly exposing its fuel rods, only hours after a second explosion at a separate reactor blew the roof off a containment building.

Hospital patients who might have been exposed to radiation were carried into a radiation treatment center in Nihonmatsu, Fukushima Prefecture, on Sunday.

The widening problems underscore the difficulties Japanese authorities are having in bringing several damaged reactors under control three days after a devastating earthquake and a tsunami hit Japan’s northeast coast and shut down the electricity that runs the crucial cooling systems for reactors.

Operators fear that if they cannot establish control, despite increasingly desperate measures to do so, the reactors could experience meltdowns, which would release catastrophic amounts of radiation.

It was unclear if radiation was released by Monday’s explosion, but a similar explosion at another reactor at the plant over the weekend did release radioactive material.

Live footage on public broadcaster NHK showed the skeletal remains of the reactor building and thick smoke rising from the building. Eleven people had been injured in the blast, one seriously, officials said.

Chief Cabinet Secretary Yukio Edano said that the release of large amounts of radiation was unlikely. But traces of radiation could be released into the atmosphere, and about 500 people who remained within a 12-mile radius were ordered temporarily to take cover indoors, he said.

The country’s nuclear power watchdog said readings taken soon after the explosion showed no big change in radiation levels around the plant or any damage to the containment vessel, which protects the radioactive material in the reactor.

“I have received reports that the containment vessel is sound,” Mr. Edano said. “I understand that there is little possibility that radioactive materials are being released in large amounts.”

In screenings, higher-than-normal levels of radiation have been detected from at least 22 people evacuated from near the plant, the nuclear safety watchdog said, but it is not clear if the doses they received were dangerous.

Technicians had been scrambling most of Sunday to fix a mechanical failure that left the reactor far more vulnerable to explosions.

The two reactors where the explosions occurred are both presumed to have already suffered partial meltdowns — a dangerous situation that, if unchecked, could lead to a full meltdown.

Later Monday, Mr. Edano said cooling systems at a third reactor at Fukushia Daiichi had failed. The water level inside the reactor had fallen, exposing the fuel rods at its core despite emergency efforts to pump seawater into the reactor, he said.

“The pump ran out of fuel,” Mr. Edano said, “and the process of inserting water took longer than expected, so the fuel rods were exposed from the water for a while.”

Plant workers then renewed efforts to flood the reactor with seawater, and readings showed that some of the water had started to accumulate within the reactor, he said.

Exposure for too long a period of time can damage the fuel rods and raise the risk of overheating and possible meltdown.

Hidehiko Nishiyama, deputy director-general at Japan’s Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, said workers were also battling rising pressure within the reactor. They have opened vents in the reactor’s containment vessel, which houses the fuel rods, a measure that could release small amounts of radiation, he said.

The Fukushima Daiichi plant and the Fukushima Daini power station, about 10 miles away, have been under a state of emergency.

On Monday morning, Tokyo Electric, which runs both plants, said it had restored the cooling systems at two of three reactors experiencing problems at Daini. That would leave a total of four reactors at the two plants with pumping difficulties.

“I’m not aware that we’ve ever had more than one reactor troubled at a time,” said Frank N. von Hippel, a physicist and professor at Princeton, explaining the difficulties faced by the Japanese.

“The whole country was focused on Three Mile Island,” he said, referring to the Pennsylvania nuclear plant accident in 1979. “Here you have Tokyo Electric Power and the Japanese regulators focusing on multiple plants at the same time.”“

In what was perhaps the clearest sign of the rising anxiety over the nuclear crisis, both the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Russian authorities issued statements on Sunday trying to allay fears, saying they did not expect harmful levels of radiation to reach their territory.

Late Sunday night, the International Atomic Energy Agency announced that Japan had added a third plant, Onagawa, to the list of those under a state of emergency because a low level of radioactive materials had been detected outside its walls. But on Monday morning, it quoted Japanese authorities as saying that the radioactivity levels at the Onagawa plant had returned to normal levels and that there appeared to be no leak there.

“The increased level may have been due to a release of radioactive material from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant,” the agency said. The Onagawa and Daiichi plants are 75 miles apart. The operator of the Onagawa plant, Tohoku Electric Power, said that levels of radiation there were twice the allowed level, but that they did not pose health risks.

Soon after that announcement, Kyodo News reported that a plant about 75 miles north of Tokyo was having at least some cooling system problems. But a plant spokesman later said a backup pump was working.

The government was testing people who lived near the Daiichi plant, with local officials saying that about 170 residents had probably been exposed. The government earlier said that three workers had radiation illness, but Tokyo Electric said Monday that only one worker was ill.

The problems at Fukushima Daiichi appeared to be the most serious involving a nuclear plant since the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. A partial meltdown can occur when radioactive fuel rods, which normally are under in water, remain partially uncovered for too long. The longer the fuel is exposed, the closer the reactor comes to a full meltdown.

Technicians are essentially fighting for time while heat generation in the fuel gradually declines, trying to keep the rods covered despite a breakdown in the normal cooling system, which runs off the electrical grid. Since that was knocked out in the earthquake, and diesel generators later failed — possibly because of the tsunami — the operators have used a makeshift system for keeping cool water on the fuel rods.

Now, they pump in new water, let it boil and then vent it to the atmosphere, releasing some radioactive material. But they are having difficulty even with that, and have sometimes allowed the water levels to drop too low, exposing the fuel to steam and air, with resulting fuel damage.

On Sunday, Japanese nuclear officials said operators at the plant had suffered a setback trying to bring one of the reactors under control when a valve malfunction stopped the flow of water and left fuel rods partially uncovered. The delay raised pressure at the reactor.

At a late night news conference, officials at Tokyo Electric Power said that the valve had been fixed, but that water levels had not yet begun rising.

Hiroko Tabuchi reported from Tokyo and Matthew L. Wald from Washington. Michael Wines contributed reporting from Koriyama, Japan, and Ellen Barry from Moscow.